The Cistercian Route is a cultural itinerary linking three of Catalonia’s most significant monasteries: Santa Maria de Poblet, Santes Creus, and Santa Maria de Vallbona. Located in the counties of Alt Camp, Conca de Barberà, and Urgell, these monastic sites form a historical triangle that embodies the legacy of the Cistercian order in the region. The route offers not only a deep encounter with heritage but also a journey through nature and history.
The Cistercian Order in Catalonia: A movement of renewal
The Cistercian Order emerged in 11th-century France as a reform within Benedictine monasticism, advocating austerity, manual labor, and a life of prayer. The order spread rapidly across Europe and reached the Crown of Aragon in the 12th century, supported by Count Ramon Berenguer IV, who encouraged its establishment in Catalonia.
Cistercian monasteries played a key role in repopulating lands conquered from Muslim rule and contributed significantly to agricultural and economic development. Beyond their religious function, these monastic centers fostered cultural and economic growth. Their architectural style, marked by simplicity and functionality, left a lasting imprint on Catalonia, with the three monasteries of the Cistercian Route standing as its most prominent examples.
Origins of the Cistercian Route
Established in 1989, the Cistercian Route was developed as a joint initiative by the county councils of Alt Camp, Conca de Barberà, and Urgell. Its aim was to promote tourism and regional economic development by highlighting the region’s Cistercian heritage. Over the years, it has become a well-established trail for hikers, cultural travelers, and those drawn to monastic history and tranquility.
The Three Monasteries of the Cistercian Route
Santa Maria de Poblet: The Grand Monastery of Catalonia
Founded in 1150 under the patronage of Ramon Berenguer IV, Santa Maria de Poblet is the largest and most significant monastery on the route. In 1991, UNESCO designated it a World Heritage Site due to its historical and architectural value. It served as the royal pantheon of the Crown of Aragon, housing the tombs of monarchs such as Peter IV of Aragon, Alphonse the Magnanimous, and John I.
Poblet’s architectural highlights include its Gothic abbey church, Romanesque cloister, and imposing fortified walls. Unlike the other monasteries on the route, Poblet remains an active monastic community, inhabited by Cistercian monks who continue their tradition of prayer and work, adding to its authenticity and contemplative atmosphere.
Santes Creus: A Monument of Majesty
Founded in 1168, Santes Creus is the most monumental of the three monasteries. Since it ceased monastic life in 1835, the entire complex is open to visitors. The abbey church houses the royal tombs of Peter III of Aragon and James II, whose remains are preserved in their original sepulchers.
The Gothic cloister, chapter house, and refectory provide insight into daily Cistercian life. Set amidst forests and vineyards, the monastery offers a serene environment for reflection and exploration.
Santa Maria de Vallbona: The Monastic Legacy of Women
Founded in the 12th century, Santa Maria de Vallbona has been a female monastery since its inception. For over eight centuries, its community of Cistercian nuns has upheld the monastic tradition, making it an exceptional testament to Cistercian spirituality in Catalonia.
Architecturally, Vallbona stands out for its octagonal dome, a rare feature in Cistercian design. It is also the resting place of Violant of Hungary, queen consort of James I of Aragon. The monastery’s tranquil atmosphere and the opportunity to stay on-site make it an ideal destination for those seeking a contemplative retreat.
The Stages of the Cistercian Route
The official route follows the GR-175, a 105-kilometer circular trail connecting the three monasteries. It is typically completed in multiple stages, with the most common itinerary as follows:
- Santa Maria de Poblet – Vallbona de les Monges (26.1 km)
A scenic path through vineyards and farmlands leading to Vallbona de les Monges.
- Vallbona de les Monges – Rocallaura (12.2 km)
A shorter but panoramic segment through the rural landscapes of Urgell.
- Rocallaura – El Pont d’Armentera (34.1 km)
The longest stage, passing through several villages and offering a peaceful, rural experience.
- El Pont d’Armentera – Santes Creus (10.4 km)
A brief but rewarding section that concludes at the monumental Santes Creus monastery.
- Santes Creus – Santa Maria de Poblet (22.2 km)
The final stretch completes the circuit, returning to Poblet.
Best time to walk the route
The ideal seasons for the Cistercian Route are spring and autumn, when temperatures are mild, and the landscapes are at their most vibrant. In summer, the heat can be intense, so early morning walks are recommended. Winter offers a quieter experience, with a distinct atmosphere that enhances the solemn beauty of the monasteries.
Practical Tips and Recommendations
- The GR-175 trail is well-marked with red-and-white waymarks, ensuring easy navigation.
- Accommodation options range from rural hotels and guesthouses to pilgrim lodgings within the monasteries.
- Traditional Catalan cuisine is available along the route, with specialties such as coca de recapte, artisanal cured meats, and Conca de Barberà wines.
While the route does not have major elevation changes, some stages are long. Proper footwear, physical preparation, and water supply are essential, especially in warmer months.
The Cistercian Route offers a rare opportunity to engage with medieval history, monastic heritage, and Catalonia’s landscapes. More than just a journey through architectural marvels, it is an invitation to walk through centuries of tradition, explore the serene beauty of rural Catalonia, and discover the enduring influence of one of Europe’s most significant monastic movements.
